歐盟近日正式通過對俄羅斯的第18項制裁方案，這一新一輪制裁被稱為迄今最嚴厲的措施，目的在於進一步切斷克里姆林宮透過石油與金融體系取得資金的途徑，削弱其對烏克蘭戰爭的經濟支持，同時維持國際能源市場的穩定。英國亦隨即跟進，與歐盟同步實施相同內容的制裁。

在能源領域方面，此輪制裁的核心為調降對俄羅斯原油的價格上限。原先由七國集團（G7）設定的每桶60美元上限，如今下修至每桶47.6美元，藉此進一步壓縮俄方石油出口利潤，迫使其在全球市場中以更低價格競爭。此外，歐盟明令禁止所有成員國的能源營運商與北溪一號與北溪二號天然氣管道進行任何形式的交易，徹底阻斷歐洲與俄羅斯之間的能源運輸合作。

為了防堵俄羅斯透過第三國「洗產地」的手法繼續獲利，歐盟此次也明確禁止從印度、土耳其等國家進口任何經由俄羅斯原油製成的精煉石油產品。與此同時，為遏制制裁逃避行為，歐盟將77艘被視為參與非法原油運輸的船隻列入「影子船隊」黑名單，使得此類操作日益困難。累計被列入黑名單的船舶數量目前已達419艘，制裁執行的網絡更為緊密。

在金融層面上，歐盟不再僅僅依賴SWIFT系統限制，而是對另外22家俄羅斯銀行直接實施全面交易禁令，使其無法與國際金融體系接軌。針對部分協助俄羅斯規避制裁的第三國金融機構，也納入制裁對象，擴大對全球金融行為的監管範圍。同時，俄羅斯直接投資基金（Russian Direct Investment Fund）及其下屬子公司亦被制裁，意圖限制其透過國際投資方式推動工業現代化的資金流入。

在出口管制方面，歐盟宣布對價值達25億歐元的關鍵技術與工業產品實施出口禁令，涵蓋範圍包括高階機械、特種金屬、塑料製品、化學原料，以及可用於無人機與武器系統的雙用途技術。此外，另有22家俄羅斯及外國企業因被認定支持俄羅斯軍工體系運作而遭到列入出口黑名單，使得整體受制裁公司數量超過800家。

數據顯示，自制裁實施以來，俄羅斯的石油收入已較前一年下滑35%。歐盟表示，此次制裁的重點不僅是針對俄羅斯的經濟命脈下重手，更是希望傳達出國際社會對俄羅斯持續侵略烏克蘭行為的強烈反對立場。歐盟官員也強調，這一制裁方案將與盟國密切協調，並持續根據戰事發展調整措施，以確保其長期效力與靈活性。

The European Union has officially passed its 18th sanctions package against Russia—described as the most severe to date—aimed at further cutting off the Kremlin’s access to oil and financial revenues that fund its war in Ukraine, while maintaining stability in the global energy market. The United Kingdom has promptly followed suit, implementing an identical set of measures.

In the energy sector, the core of this sanctions package lies in the revised price cap on Russian crude oil. The previous cap of $60 per barrel, set by the G7, has now been lowered to $47.60 per barrel in an effort to further squeeze Russia's profit margins and force it to compete at even lower prices on the global market. Additionally, the EU has banned all member state energy operators from conducting any transactions involving the Nord Stream 1 and 2 gas pipelines, effectively severing Europe’s remaining energy ties with Russia.

To close loopholes involving third countries acting as intermediaries, the EU now prohibits the import of refined oil products made from Russian crude oil, even if processed in countries like India or Turkey. At the same time, the EU has blacklisted 77 vessels believed to be involved in illicit oil transport, labeling them part of the "shadow fleet." This brings the total number of blacklisted ships to 419, tightening enforcement against sanctions evasion.

On the financial front, the EU has gone beyond simply disconnecting Russian banks from the SWIFT network, imposing full transaction bans on 22 additional Russian banks, thereby cutting off their access to the international financial system. Financial operators from third countries suspected of helping Russia circumvent sanctions have also been targeted. The Russian Direct Investment Fund and its subsidiaries have been sanctioned as well, in a move to restrict funding for industrial modernization.

Regarding export controls, the EU has imposed a €2.5 billion ban on critical technologies and industrial goods, including high-end machinery, specialized metals, plastics, chemical substances, and dual-use technologies that could be used in drones or weapons systems. Moreover, 22 additional Russian and foreign companies have been added to the export blacklist for supporting Russia’s military-industrial complex, bringing the total number of sanctioned companies to over 800.

According to data, Russian oil revenues have already dropped by 35% compared to the previous year. The EU has stated that the primary goal of this new sanctions package is not only to strike at Russia’s economic lifelines but also to send a clear message of international condemnation against its continued aggression in Ukraine. EU officials emphasized that this package will be coordinated closely with allied nations and will remain flexible, adapting to developments in the conflict to ensure long-term effectiveness.