為何早期任天堂紅白機上的卡帶都有電池?

2025-10-06

早期的任天堂 Famicom(Family Computer)卡帶所使用的電池儲存技術,其實是當時技術條件和成本考量下的一種無奈選擇。那個年代,想要在遊戲卡帶內保存玩家的遊戲進度或數據,並沒有今天這種高度可靠的閃存技術可用,因此任天堂採用SRAM(靜態隨機存取記憶體)搭配小型電池的方式。

SRAM本身雖然讀寫速度快、穩定性高,但有一個致命缺點:它必須持續通電才能保持內部數據。如果沒有電源,數據就會立刻消失。為了解決這個問題,任天堂在每個能保存遊戲進度的卡帶內嵌入一顆小型電池,確保SRAM在玩家不玩遊戲時仍能持續供電,從而保存存檔。這種設計雖然能滿足功能需求,但也帶來幾個顯而易見的問題:首先,這顆電池壽命有限,通常只有幾年到十年左右,電池耗盡後,玩家的存檔就會全部丟失;其次,SRAM加電池的組合雖然便宜(單顆SRAM成本約2美元),但從長遠維護角度來看,並不算穩定可靠。

因此,雖然這種電池+SRAM的設計在當時被廣泛使用,但隨著技術進步,最終還是被淘汰。後來的遊戲主機逐步採用EEPROM、Flash等非揮發性記憶體,這類記憶體不需要持續供電即可保存數據,大幅提高資料存檔的可靠性,也免去玩家因電池耗盡而失去遊戲進度的困擾。從歷史角度來看,Famicom卡帶的電池設計雖然充滿限制,但它在當時卻是一種技術折衷的創新方案,提供當時少有的「持續保存遊戲進度」的體驗,也奠定家用遊戲機可玩性的重要基礎。

In the early days of Nintendo’s Famicom (Family Computer), the cartridges used a battery-backed memory system, which was essentially a technological compromise dictated by the limitations and costs of the era. At that time, there were no highly reliable flash memory solutions available for storing player progress or game data within a cartridge. To solve this, Nintendo implemented SRAM (Static Random-Access Memory) paired with a small battery.

While SRAM is fast and stable, it has a critical drawback: it requires continuous power to retain data. Without a power source, all stored information is immediately lost. To address this, each cartridge capable of saving game progress included a small battery, which kept the SRAM powered even when the console was off, allowing saved data to persist. Although this system worked functionally, it had clear limitations. First, the battery had a finite lifespan—typically only a few years to about a decade—after which all player saves would be lost. Second, while the SRAM itself was relatively inexpensive (around $2 per chip), from a long-term maintenance perspective, the system was not very reliable.

Consequently, although the battery-plus-SRAM design was widely used at the time, it was eventually phased out as technology advanced. Later generations of game consoles adopted EEPROM and flash memory, which are non-volatile and do not require continuous power to retain data. This greatly increased the reliability of game saves and eliminated the risk of losing progress due to battery depletion.

From a historical perspective, the Famicom cartridge battery design, despite its limitations, represented a clever technological compromise for its time. It provided players with a rare ability to retain game progress, laying the groundwork for the playability and longevity that became a hallmark of home gaming consoles.