2025年11月14日，聯合國人權理事會在瑞士日內瓦召開特別會議，會議揭示蘇丹內戰所引發的人道主義危機已經升級至令人震驚的程度。此前，世界衛生組織於10月29日發表聲明，強烈譴責蘇丹北達爾富爾州首府法希爾市一家醫院發生的大規模殺戮事件。根據媒體報導，超過460名患者及其陪護人於28日在該醫院遭槍殺。世衛組織總幹事譚德塞表示，他對這起悲劇性事件深感震驚。

在聯合國人權理事會特別會議上，中國常駐聯合國日內瓦辦事處及瑞士其他國際組織代表陳旭大使闡述中方立場，呼籲衝突各方立即停止敵對行動，確保人道援助物資安全運入並及時分發，保障蘇丹人民的生命權及其他基本人權。聯合國國際移民組織在11月9日公布數據稱，自10月26日法希爾陷落後，已有8.9萬民眾逃離該地及周邊地區，其中3.9萬人逃離北科爾多凡州。

自2023年4月起，蘇丹政府軍——以布爾漢將軍為首的蘇丹武裝力量（SAF）——與以穆罕默德·哈姆丹·達加洛將軍為首的快速支援部隊（RSF）反目成仇，爆發席捲全國的大規模內戰。內戰至今已超過兩年半，雙方互有勝負形成僵局。RSF曾試圖奪取首都喀土穆及出海口蘇丹港，但遭到阻擊；在北科爾多凡州亦節節後退。然而，達加洛起家的達爾富爾地區，政府軍難以抵抗RSF攻勢，整個地區的五個州首府截至10月下旬均已易手，其中最後陷落的是法希爾市。法希爾被圍困長達18個月，周邊原政府軍據點全部陷落，導致超過150萬難民湧入城中避難，城破前的人道主義危機已極為嚴峻。

城破後，逃離法希爾的幸存者以及駐當地的聯合國和其他國際人道主義組織成員指控RSF存在大量侵犯人權行為，整個人道危機已幾乎失控。在會議上，聯合國人權事務高級專員圖爾克指出，城內居民和外來避難的難民在圍城期間，由於援助中斷，被迫以花生殼和動物飼料果腹；城破後則有大量平民遭殺害、基於種族的處決以及其他暴行，且「這些暴行很可能仍在持續」。他悲憤地表示，「法希爾土地上的斑斑血跡，哪怕從太空都能看見」。

然而，法希爾危機僅是蘇丹內戰引發的人道主義災難的冰山一角。聯合國人道事務協調廳的數據顯示，內戰已造成近3萬人死亡，超過1285萬人被迫背井離鄉，成為全球規模最大的流離失所危機之一。聯合國糧農組織報告指出，2025年蘇丹有2120萬人面臨嚴重糧食不安全，占全國人口45%以上，另有數百萬人接近饑荒紅線。戰火導致農業體系崩潰，大面積農田荒廢，糧食產量銳減，部分地區物價漲幅超過500%。

戰爭還摧毀該國公共基礎設施，包括醫療和教育系統。超過90%的醫院停止運營，約2000萬民眾無法獲得基本醫療服務；全國90%的學校被迫關閉，近1400萬兒童失學，超過1000萬兒童面臨暴力與襲擊風險。許多孩子從未踏入教室，營養不良導致大量兒童發育遲緩甚至夭折。紅十字國際委員會主席日前表示，蘇丹的人道主義危機已「完全超出我們所能接受的範圍」。

總體而言，聯合國人權理事會特別會議揭示蘇丹內戰所造成的廣泛人道災難，從平民大規模傷亡、難民潮、糧食危機，到公共醫療與教育系統崩潰，整個國家陷入深度危機。國際社會面臨巨大挑戰，需要加強協調與干預，以減輕蘇丹人民的苦難。

On November 14, 2025, a special session of the United Nations Human Rights Council was held in Geneva, Switzerland, highlighting that the humanitarian crisis caused by the civil war in Sudan has escalated to an alarming level. Previously, on October 29, the World Health Organization issued a statement strongly condemning a mass killing at a hospital in El Fasher, the capital of North Darfur. According to media reports cited by WHO, over 460 patients and their caregivers were shot on the 28th at the hospital. WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus expressed deep shock over this tragic incident.

During the special session, Ambassador Chen Xu, China’s Permanent Representative to the UN Office at Geneva and other international organizations in Switzerland, presented China’s position, calling on all parties to immediately cease hostilities, ensure humanitarian aid can be safely delivered and distributed in a timely manner, and protect the fundamental human rights of the Sudanese people, including the right to life. Data released by the International Organization for Migration on November 9 indicated that, due to deteriorating security conditions following the fall of El Fasher on October 26, approximately 89,000 people have fled the city and surrounding areas, with 39,000 leaving North Kordofan.

The conflict traces back to April 2023, when Sudanese government forces (SAF) led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan clashed with the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) under General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, triggering a large-scale civil war that has now lasted over two and a half years. The conflict has reached a stalemate in some regions, with the RSF’s attempts to capture the capital Khartoum and the port city of Port Sudan being thwarted. In relatively wealthy North Kordofan, government forces have retreated, while in the Darfur region, where Dagalo originates, the government army has struggled to resist the RSF’s advance. By late October, all five state capitals in Darfur had fallen, including El Fasher, which was besieged for 18 months. Over 1.5 million internally displaced persons had sought refuge in the city even before it fell, creating a severe humanitarian crisis.

After the city fell, survivors and personnel from the UN and other international humanitarian organizations reported widespread human rights violations by the RSF, indicating that the humanitarian situation had spiraled out of control. UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk noted that during the siege, residents and refugees were forced to survive on peanut shells and animal feed due to the cutoff of aid. Following the city’s fall, numerous reports confirmed mass killings of civilians, ethnically targeted executions, and other atrocities, many of which “are likely still ongoing.” Türk remarked grimly to UN member states, “The bloodstains on the land of El Fasher are visible even from space.”

However, the El Fasher crisis represents only the tip of the iceberg of Sudan’s humanitarian disaster. According to the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, the conflict has claimed nearly 30,000 lives and displaced over 12.85 million people, making it one of the largest displacement crises globally. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization reported that in 2025, approximately 21.2 million Sudanese face severe food insecurity—over 45% of the population—with several million more approaching famine thresholds. The war has devastated the agricultural system, leaving large areas of farmland abandoned, sharply reducing crop yields, and causing price surges exceeding 500% in some regions.

The conflict has also destroyed public infrastructure, including healthcare and education systems. Over 90% of hospitals have ceased operations, leaving approximately 20 million people without basic medical care. About 90% of schools are closed, nearly 14 million children are out of school, and over 10 million children face risks of violence and attacks. Many children have never set foot in a classroom, and malnutrition has led to stunted growth and even death among numerous minors. The International Committee of the Red Cross recently stated that the humanitarian crisis in Sudan has “entirely exceeded what we can accept.”

In summary, the UN Human Rights Council’s special session highlighted the wide-ranging humanitarian catastrophe caused by Sudan’s civil war, including mass civilian casualties, refugee displacement, food insecurity, and the collapse of healthcare and education systems. The situation underscores the urgent need for international coordination and intervention to alleviate the suffering of the Sudanese people.