歐盟理事會於2026年1月26日正式通過一項具有法律約束力的法案，旨在徹底實現REPowerEU計劃的目標，全面終止對俄羅斯能源的依賴。這項法案象徵著歐盟在能源安全和戰略自主方面的重大決心，也將對未來數年的能源市場產生深遠影響。

根據法案，歐盟將採取逐步淘汰的方式，以減少對市場的衝擊，並為成員國提供足夠的調整時間。液化天然氣（LNG）的進口自2027年1月1日起全面禁止，管道天然氣則自2027年9月30日起全面停止進口。對於部分在冬季前無法完成非俄氣源儲備的成員國，法案允許將管道氣禁令的期限延長至2027年11月1日，作為過渡安排。這一過渡期旨在讓各國有時間完成基礎設施調整、替代能源佈局以及供應鏈重組，以維持能源供應的穩定性。

為確保禁令得到嚴格執行，法案設置前所未有的高額罰則。違規企業將面臨至少四千萬歐元的罰款，或者公司全球年營收的3.5%，亦或是預計交易額的三倍，三者取其高者。而對於直接參與違規決策的個人，最低罰款則為二百五十萬歐元。這樣的罰則設計在法律上形成強大威懾力，確保企業和個人都必須嚴格遵守禁令。

在理事會投票中，有24個成員國支持該法案，匈牙利與斯洛伐克投下反對票，保加利亞則選擇棄權。匈牙利已表明將向歐盟法院（ECJ）提起訴訟，稱該禁令將嚴重損害國家利益和能源安全。另一方面，所有成員國被要求在2026年3月1日前提交天然氣供應多元化計劃，並通報所有尚未履行的俄氣合約，以加快包括LNG進口、氫能和可再生能源在內的替代能源佈局。

總體而言，這項法案不僅象徵著歐盟結束對俄羅斯能源依賴的制度性承諾，也代表歐洲能源政策從被動應對向主動掌控的轉型。未來數年，歐洲能源市場、天然氣價格以及跨國供應鏈將面臨重整壓力，而各成員國在能源多元化和安全保障上的政策調整，將成為全球能源格局的重要觀察焦點。

On January 26, 2026, the European Council officially passed a legally binding regulation aimed at fully achieving the goals of the REPowerEU plan and completely ending Europe’s dependence on Russian energy. This legislation marks a decisive step by the EU toward energy security and strategic autonomy and is expected to have far-reaching implications for the energy market in the coming years.

Under the regulation, the EU will implement a gradual phase-out to minimize market disruption and provide member states with sufficient time to adjust. Imports of liquefied natural gas (LNG) will be fully banned starting January 1, 2027, while pipeline natural gas imports will cease entirely from September 30, 2027. For countries that cannot secure alternative non-Russian gas supplies before winter, the deadline for pipeline gas may be extended to November 1, 2027, as a transitional measure. This phased approach is intended to allow nations to complete infrastructure adjustments, diversify energy sources, and reorganize supply chains to maintain energy stability.

To ensure strict compliance, the regulation imposes unprecedentedly high penalties. Companies found in violation face a minimum fine of €40 million, or 3.5% of their global annual revenue, or 300% of the anticipated transaction value—whichever is higher. Individuals directly involved in non-compliant decisions face a minimum fine of €2.5 million. These penalties are designed to serve as a strong legal deterrent, compelling both companies and individuals to adhere rigorously to the ban.

In the Council vote, 24 member states supported the regulation, while Hungary and Slovakia voted against it, and Bulgaria abstained. Hungary has indicated it will challenge the ban at the European Court of Justice (ECJ), claiming that it would severely harm national interests and energy security. Meanwhile, all EU countries are required to submit plans for diversifying gas supply by March 1, 2026, and to report any existing Russian gas contracts that have not yet been fulfilled. This measure is intended to accelerate the deployment of alternative energy sources, including LNG, hydrogen, and renewables.

Overall, this regulation not only represents a formal commitment by the EU to end its reliance on Russian energy but also signals a shift from reactive to proactive energy policy. In the coming years, the European energy market, natural gas prices, and cross-border supply chains will face significant restructuring pressures, making member states’ policies on energy diversification and security key focal points in the global energy landscape.