根據中國駐符拉迪沃斯托克總領事館於2026年2月發布的官方提醒，俄羅斯近年對外籍人士居留與入籍制度進行具有指標性的政策調整。俄羅斯總統弗拉基米爾·普丁已於2025年11月5日正式簽署第821號總統令《關於受理加入俄羅斯聯邦國籍申請及簽發俄羅斯聯邦長期居留許可的臨時條例》，該法令直接影響外國人申請俄羅斯長期居留與國籍的條件，尤其對外籍男性設下新的制度性要求，因此在國際社群與海外僑民之間引發高度關注。

這項條例的適用對象，主要為年齡介於18歲 65歲之間、具備完全民事行為能力，且已符合基本移民條件的外籍男性。例如，申請人須已持有俄羅斯臨時居留資格滿一年，或擁有俄羅斯籍直系親屬等既有合法身分基礎。在過去，這類申請多屬行政與資格審查程序，但新制度將兵役因素正式納入審核核心，使居留與國籍取得與國家安全義務產生直接連結。

依據條例內容，外籍男性在申請俄羅斯長期居留許可（VNZH）或國籍時，必須提交與軍事服務相關的證明文件之一。第一種方式，是簽署同意在俄羅斯武裝部隊或隸屬緊急情況部的救援軍事單位服役至少一年的合同，代表申請人願意履行一定期間的公共與國防服務義務。另一種方式，則是提供由俄羅斯兵役委員會開具的正式證明，確認其已解除兵役義務，或經官方評估認定為身體或其他條件不適合服役者。這意味著兵役狀態已成為影響外籍人士取得長期合法身分的重要門檻。

不過，條例同時保留若干豁免機制。目前白俄羅斯公民不在適用範圍內，反映俄白兩國在聯盟國架構下的特殊法律地位。此外，被認定為高階專業人才、技術專家，或以學生身分在俄羅斯就讀的外國人，在申請居留時可能依個案獲得豁免，以避免影響俄羅斯吸引人才與維持教育交流的政策目標。

從政策性質來看，該規定被官方界定為「臨時條例」，但多數觀察人士認為，其出台背景與俄羅斯當前的安全與軍事需求密切相關。外界普遍分析，此舉意在透過移民制度補充兵源，同時提高外籍居民對國家的義務承擔，在特別軍事行動持續期間，強化人力動員與國家安全體系的穩定性。

基於上述變化，中國駐外使領館特別提醒在俄中國公民及計畫赴俄發展人士，應密切關注相關法律與政策更新，審慎評估是否申請長期居留或國籍，以確保自身在俄羅斯的法律身分、權益保障與人身安全不受影響。整體而言，這項新規象徵俄羅斯移民政策正從單純人口管理，逐步轉向與國防需求深度結合的制度模式。

According to an official advisory issued in February 2026 by the Consulate General of China in Vladivostok, Russia has introduced significant policy adjustments in recent years to its residency and naturalization system for foreign nationals. On November 5, 2025, Russian President Vladimir Putin formally signed Presidential Decree No. 821, titled “Temporary Regulations on the Acceptance of Applications for Admission to Citizenship of the Russian Federation and the Issuance of Long-Term Residence Permits of the Russian Federation.” This decree directly affects the requirements for foreigners applying for long-term residency and citizenship in Russia, particularly by introducing new institutional requirements for foreign male applicants, which has drawn considerable attention among international communities and overseas expatriates.

The regulations primarily apply to foreign men aged between 18 and 65 who possess full legal capacity and already meet basic immigration qualifications. For example, applicants must have held a Russian temporary residence permit for at least one year or possess an existing lawful basis for residence, such as having immediate family members who are Russian citizens. In the past, such applications were largely administrative procedures focused on eligibility review. Under the new system, however, military service considerations have been formally incorporated into the core evaluation process, directly linking residency and citizenship acquisition to national security obligations.

Under the provisions of the decree, foreign male applicants seeking a Russian long-term residence permit (VNZH) or citizenship must submit one of several forms of documentation related to military service. One option is to sign a contract agreeing to serve for at least one year in the Russian Armed Forces or in rescue-military units affiliated with the Ministry of Emergency Situations, indicating the applicant’s willingness to fulfill a defined period of public and national defense service. Alternatively, applicants may provide official certification issued by a Russian military commissariat confirming that they have fulfilled or been released from military obligations, or that they have been officially deemed unfit for service due to health or other qualifying conditions. This effectively makes military service status a key threshold influencing whether foreign nationals can obtain long-term legal status in Russia.

The regulations also retain several exemption mechanisms. Citizens of Belarus are currently excluded from the scope of application, reflecting the special legal relationship between Russia and Belarus under their Union State framework. In addition, highly qualified professionals, technical specialists, and foreign students studying in Russia may receive case-by-case exemptions when applying for residency, in order to avoid undermining Russia’s policy goals of attracting talent and maintaining educational exchange.

Although officially defined as “temporary regulations,” many observers believe the policy is closely connected to Russia’s current security and military needs. Analysts widely interpret the measure as an effort to supplement military manpower through immigration policy while increasing the level of civic obligation borne by foreign residents, thereby strengthening mobilization capacity and the stability of the national security system during the ongoing special military operation.

In light of these developments, Chinese diplomatic missions abroad have specifically advised Chinese citizens residing in Russia, as well as individuals planning to pursue opportunities there, to closely monitor legal and policy updates and carefully assess whether to apply for long-term residency or citizenship. The goal is to ensure that their legal status, rights protections, and personal safety in Russia are not adversely affected. Overall, the new regulation symbolizes a shift in Russia’s immigration policy—from a system focused primarily on population management toward one more deeply integrated with national defense requirements.