2025年2月24日，正值俄烏戰爭爆發滿三週年，歐盟外長會議正式通過對俄羅斯的第16輪制裁措施，進一步加強對俄金融、能源與媒體領域的限制，以削弱俄國持續進行戰爭的能力。這輪制裁的核心內容包括：

1.金融封鎖升級: 歐盟宣布禁止13家俄羅斯銀行使用SWIFT（環球銀行間金融通信協會）國際資金清算系統，進一步孤立俄國與國際金融市場的聯繫，限制其跨境交易能力。

2. 媒體審查加強: 8家俄羅斯媒體遭到歐盟全面封殺，禁止在歐盟境內播出，理由是這些媒體涉嫌為克里姆林宮進行戰爭宣傳與虛假信息散播。

3.黑名單擴大: 歐盟將74艘俄羅斯籍船隻、48名個人與35個法人實體列入黑名單，凍結其資產並禁止相關人員入境歐盟。

4.能源產業打擊: 進一步收緊對俄羅斯石油與天然氣開採、運輸相關設備、技術與維修服務的制裁，削弱俄國能源產業的長期發展能力。

5.貿易封鎖強化: 禁止歐盟企業與多個俄羅斯港口與機場進行資金往來，防止俄方透過物流與航運繞過制裁。禁止進口俄羅斯原鋁，進一步打擊俄國金屬產業的出口收入。禁止向俄羅斯出口飛機與相關技術，防止俄軍獲取關鍵航空設備。

這次制裁反映歐盟在俄烏戰爭持續僵持的情況下，仍然試圖加強對俄國的經濟與政治壓力。然而，隨著美國對烏克蘭援助的縮減，歐洲內部對於制裁政策的討論也變得更加激烈。部分歐盟國家擔憂，若缺乏美國的軍事與經濟支持，這些制裁是否足以對俄羅斯施加足夠壓力，使其改變戰略，仍有待觀察。

Third Anniversary of the Russo-Ukrainian War: EU Announces 16th Round of Sanctions Against Russia, Expanding Financial and Energy Restrictions

On February 24, 2025, marking the third anniversary of the outbreak of the Russo-Ukrainian War, the EU Foreign Ministers' Meeting officially approved the 16th round of sanctions against Russia. These new measures further tighten restrictions on Russia’s financial, energy, and media sectors, aiming to weaken its ability to sustain the ongoing war.

The key measures in this round of sanctions include:

1.Enhanced Financial Blockade: The EU has announced a ban on 13 Russian banks from using the SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication) international funds clearing system, further isolating Russia from global financial markets and restricting its ability to conduct cross-border transactions.

2.Tightened Media Censorship: Eight Russian media outlets have been completely banned within the EU, prohibiting their broadcasts across member states. The justification is that these outlets are accused of spreading war propaganda and disinformation on behalf of the Kremlin.

3.Expanded Blacklist: The EU has blacklisted 74 Russian-flagged vessels, 48 individuals, and 35 legal entities, freezing their assets and banning the listed individuals from entering EU territories.

4.Crackdown on the Energy Sector: The sanctions further tighten restrictions on oil and natural gas extraction, transportation equipment, technology, and maintenance services for Russia, aiming to weaken the long-term development of its energy industry.

5.Strengthened Trade Embargo:

EU companies are prohibited from engaging in financial transactions with multiple Russian ports and airports, preventing Russia from circumventing sanctions through logistics and shipping.

Imports of Russian raw aluminum are banned, dealing another blow to Russia’s metal industry and its export revenues.

Exports of aircraft and related technologies to Russia are also prohibited, preventing the Russian military from acquiring critical aviation equipment.

This latest round of sanctions reflects the EU's continued efforts to increase economic and political pressure on Russia as the war remains in a stalemate. However, with U.S. military and financial aid to Ukraine decreasing, debates within Europe over the effectiveness of sanctions have intensified. Some EU member states are concerned that, without U.S. support, these measures alone may not exert enough pressure on Russia to force a change in its strategic direction, leaving the future of the war uncertain.

照片:DALLE3