2025年10月17日至18日，多家媒體報導，微軟計劃自2026年起，將其Surface系列產品及數據中心服務器的生產，包括零部件採購與組裝，全流程遷出中國，以應對地緣政治風險並實現供應鏈多元化。此消息一出，即引發業界和媒體的廣泛關注，涉及全球科技供應鏈的調整與中美貿易格局的變化。

根據消息，微軟已要求其供應商自2026年起，將Surface筆記本電腦、伺服器等新產品的關鍵零部件採購與組裝工作全面轉移至中國境外，主要包括泰國、越南等東南亞國家。對於服務器產品，微軟要求至少80%的物料清單（BOM）來自中國境外；值得注意的是，敏感服務器的部分生產自2024年起已開始逐步外遷，以降低地緣政治風險帶來的潛在影響。

地緣政治因素是此次調整的主要動因之一。中美貿易摩擦持續升溫，包括美國擬對部分產品加徵關税，以及中國收緊稀土出口管控，使微軟等科技企業意識到過度依賴單一國家供應鏈的風險。此外，東南亞國家勞動力成本較低（約為中國一半），並且享有關稅優惠，成為微軟及其他企業的替代選擇。

此次供應鏈外遷也呈現行業聯動效應。如谷歌、亞馬遜AWS等企業也同步推動服務器生產外移，谷歌甚至在泰國新建四座工廠以擴大產能。然而，供應鏈深度調整面臨一定困難，中國供應商在技術、質量和成本控制方面具有優勢，短期內難以完全替代。

對中國市場與企業的影響同樣不容忽視。微軟Surface年出貨量約400萬台，遷移將直接衝擊中國代工廠如富士康以及相關零部件企業的業務，但部分中國企業已提前布局海外市場，例如立訊精密在越南建廠以應對產能外移。專家指出，中國供應鏈的完整性和效率短期內難以複製，若要實現完全“去中國化”，可能需要十年以上時間；同時，東南亞市場也可能面臨資源競爭加劇和成本上升的壓力。

整體而言，微軟此次決策既反映出科技企業對全球供應鏈風險的高度敏感，也揭示中美科技與貿易博弈對生產布局的深遠影響，以及東南亞國家在全球供應鏈中日益重要的角色。

Between October 17 and 18, 2025, multiple media outlets reported that Microsoft plans to relocate the production of its Surface product line and data center servers—including both component sourcing and assembly—completely out of China starting in 2026. The move is aimed at mitigating geopolitical risks and diversifying its supply chain, and it has drawn significant attention across the tech industry and the media due to its implications for global supply chains and the broader China-U.S. trade landscape.

According to the reports, Microsoft has instructed its suppliers to move the entire production process of new Surface laptops, servers, and other products overseas, primarily to countries like Thailand and Vietnam. For server products, the company requires that at least 80% of the bill of materials (BOM) come from outside China. Notably, sensitive server production had already begun partial relocation in 2024 to reduce potential risks stemming from geopolitical tensions.

The geopolitical context is a major factor behind this decision. Rising China-U.S. trade frictions—including proposed U.S. tariffs on certain products and China’s tightening of rare earth exports—have highlighted the risks of relying heavily on a single-country supply chain. Additionally, labor costs in Southeast Asian countries are significantly lower (roughly half of China’s) and benefit from favorable tariff policies, making them attractive alternatives for Microsoft and other tech firms.

This supply chain shift is also part of a broader industry trend. Companies such as Google and Amazon AWS are similarly relocating server production. Google, for instance, is constructing four new factories in Thailand to expand its capacity. However, fully adjusting the supply chain poses challenges, as Chinese suppliers remain competitive in terms of technology, quality, and cost, making short-term replacement difficult.

The move will also have direct implications for China’s manufacturing sector. Microsoft Surface ships approximately 4 million units annually, and the relocation will impact Chinese contract manufacturers like Foxconn as well as component suppliers. Some Chinese companies have already anticipated this trend by expanding overseas, such as Luxshare Precision establishing a factory in Vietnam. Experts note that China’s supply chain integrity and efficiency are difficult to replicate, and achieving complete “de-Chinaization” may take over a decade. Meanwhile, Southeast Asian countries could face increased competition for resources and rising costs.

Overall, Microsoft’s decision reflects both the growing sensitivity of tech companies to global supply chain risks and the broader strategic impact of China-U.S. trade and technological tensions on production layouts. It also underscores the increasing role of Southeast Asia as a critical hub in the global supply chain.