2025年10月27日，美國國土安全部（DHS）聯合海關與邊境保護局（CBP）在《聯邦公報》上公布一項具有重大影響的最終規則，宣布自規則生效起60天，即2025年12月26日，所有非美國公民在入境或出境美國時，將被要求強制提交面部照片作為生物識別信息，並在必要情況下配合提供指紋或其他生物數據。此舉標誌著美國邊境管理在生物識別技術應用上的全面升級，也意味著以往僅在部分口岸試點的措施將被全面推廣。

根據規則內容，這項生物識別要求將涵蓋美國所有機場、海港、陸路口岸，以及“任何其他授權離境點”，不再僅限於個別國際機場或特定試點地區。換言之，所有非美國公民無論是搭乘飛機、船舶還是陸路通關，均需接受生物識別信息的收集。海關與邊境保護局表示，此舉旨在加強邊境安全、防範非法入境、提升旅行者身份驗證效率，同時也有助於阻止身份欺詐、人口走私及其他跨境犯罪行為。

分析人士指出，這一規則的全面實施將對全球旅客和美國邊境管理產生深遠影響。一方面，它將顯著提高通關的安全性和準確性，但另一方面，也可能引發隱私保護、數據安全和生物信息使用範圍的爭議。尤其是大量非美國公民的面部及指紋數據將被系統化收集與存儲，如何保障數據安全、避免濫用，將成為未來監管與政策討論的重要課題。

此外，業界和民間機構也在密切關注此規則對航空公司、港口管理及跨境物流運營的影響。航空公司和交通運輸部門需在短時間內完成系統升級，以確保乘客身份驗證流程符合新的生物識別要求；同時，國際旅客也需提前熟悉規則，準備好必要的身份信息，以免入境或出境時遭遇延誤。

總體而言，這項規則的出台，標誌著美國在邊境安全和身份驗證技術上的一次重要升級，也反映出全球範圍內對於生物識別技術在國家安全和公共安全領域應用的日益重視。隨著實施日期的臨近，政府、企業與公眾之間對於規則執行細節、隱私保障以及跨境合作等問題的討論，將持續升溫。

On October 27, 2025, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), in conjunction with Customs and Border Protection (CBP), announced a significant final rule in the Federal Register. The rule mandates that, starting 60 days after publication—December 26, 2025—all non-U.S. citizens entering or exiting the United States must provide a facial photograph as biometric information. In certain cases, individuals may also be required to submit fingerprints or other biometric data. This regulation marks a major expansion of biometric requirements, moving beyond previous pilot programs limited to select ports of entry.

According to the rule, the biometric requirements will apply to all U.S. airports, seaports, land border crossings, and “any other authorized departure points”, meaning that non-U.S. citizens traveling by air, sea, or land will be subject to biometric collection. The CBP stated that the measure aims to enhance border security, prevent illegal entry, and improve traveler identity verification, while also helping to combat identity fraud, human trafficking, and other cross-border criminal activity.

Experts note that the full implementation of this rule will have far-reaching implications for global travelers and U.S. border management. On one hand, it is expected to significantly increase the accuracy and security of border crossings; on the other, it may raise concerns regarding privacy, data security, and the scope of biometric information usage. The centralized collection and storage of large volumes of facial and fingerprint data from non-U.S. citizens underscores the need for stringent safeguards against misuse or data breaches.

Industry stakeholders and civil organizations are also closely monitoring the rule’s impact on airlines, port authorities, and cross-border logistics operations. Airlines and transportation agencies must quickly upgrade their systems to comply with the new biometric verification requirements, while international travelers will need to prepare their identification information in advance to avoid delays when entering or leaving the United States.

Overall, this rule represents a major step forward in U.S. border security and identity verification technology and reflects the global trend toward greater use of biometric technology in national security and public safety. As the implementation date approaches, discussions among government authorities, businesses, and the public regarding compliance details, privacy protections, and cross-border coordination are expected to intensify.