根據最新報導，歐盟委員會主席馮德萊恩在2026年1月20日於瑞士達沃斯論壇（Davos 2026）上發表演說，正式宣布歐盟在俄羅斯資產凍結與歐洲防務戰略方面的重大決定。這次宣告不僅具有象徵意義，也意味著歐盟對俄政策從短期制裁進入長期制度化運作，並同步展現歐盟在國際地緣政治中的更強硬姿態。

在演說中，馮德萊恩首先強調，歐盟已決定將原本需要每六個月續期的俄羅斯資產凍結機制，轉為永久性（無限期）凍結。這項調整的核心目的，是為了避免在制裁續期過程中，因個別成員國可能行使否決權而造成凍結解除的風險。她指出，這不僅是對制裁機制的強化，也是向俄羅斯明確傳達一個訊號：戰爭破壞必須被追究，相關資產不會在短期內被解凍或回歸正常流通。根據目前公開的數據，歐盟凍結的俄羅斯資產規模約達2100億歐元，約合新台幣1.7兆元左右，這是一個龐大的資金規模，也代表歐盟對於制裁執行的決心。

更值得注意的是，歐盟並未只是將這些資產永久凍結，而是明確保留「使用權利」。馮德萊恩表示，歐盟將利用這些資產作為抵押，為烏克蘭提供2026至2027年度的軍事與民用貸款支持。她提到的貸款規模預估在900億至1650億歐元之間，顯示歐盟希望在長期支援烏克蘭的同時，建立更具制度性的財務框架，而非依賴零散的臨時援助。這也代表歐盟正在嘗試將制裁資產的「凍結」轉化為對烏克蘭的「可持續資金支持」，並透過制度化運作提高援助的可預測性與穩定性。

在談及歐洲防務與戰略時，馮德萊恩提出，歐洲目前正處於關鍵技術與軍事競賽的關鍵時刻，因此必須大幅提升國防支出與研發投入。她指出，歐洲在面對日益嚴峻的安全情勢時，已開始加速推動國防開支的增長，這不僅是為了應對當前的危機，也是在為未來可能的戰略競爭做準備。她強調，歐洲需要一種「緊迫感」，不僅是在安全防務領域，也包括在面向未來的關鍵技術領域，例如半導體、人工智慧、網路安全與太空技術等。她認為，只有在這些關鍵領域具備競爭力，歐洲才能在全球政治與經濟格局中維持自主性與影響力。

在外交與地緣政治立場上，馮德萊恩同樣展現強硬態度。她在演說中批評美國提出的加徵關稅政策，直言這樣的做法是錯誤的，並表示歐盟將採取團結且適度的回應措施。這段話意義不僅在於反對關稅政策本身，更反映出歐盟在面對美國的經濟壓力時，正逐步強化自身的外交自主性與談判籌碼。此外，馮德萊恩也重申歐盟對北極地區安全的重視，並表示在北極安全議題上，歐盟與美國目標一致，願意共同維護區域穩定與航運安全。

在這些政策宣布後，俄羅斯方面也做出回應。2026年1月，俄羅斯法院開始審理針對Euroclear（持有大部分俄羅斯資產的國際金融機構）的訴訟，要求賠償因資產凍結造成的損失。這一訴訟不僅代表俄方的法律反制，也顯示制裁與資產凍結將引發更長期的國際法律與金融層面的對抗，未來可能進一步影響歐盟與俄羅斯之間的金融與貿易關係。

整體而言，這次在達沃斯的宣布標誌著歐盟在對俄政策上的一次重要轉折。從原本的短期制裁機制，轉向永久性凍結並將資產用於支持烏克蘭，顯示歐盟正在從「制裁」走向「制度化支援與戰略自保」。同時，歐盟也透過加強防務投入、強化科技競爭力與強硬的外交立場，向全球傳遞一個清楚訊息：歐洲不再只是被動應對危機，而是要主動塑造自身的安全與經濟未來。

According to the latest reports, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen delivered a speech at the 2026 World Economic Forum in Davos on January 20, officially announcing the European Union’s key decisions regarding Russian assets and its defense strategy. This announcement carries not only symbolic significance but also marks a shift in the EU’s policy toward Russia from short-term sanctions to long-term institutionalized measures, while demonstrating a firmer stance in international geopolitics.

In her speech, von der Leyen emphasized that the EU has decided to convert the previously six-month renewable mechanism for freezing Russian assets into a permanent (indefinite) freeze. The main purpose of this adjustment is to prevent the risk that the freeze could be lifted if certain member states were to use their veto power during the renewal process. She stated that this is not only a reinforcement of the sanctions mechanism but also a clear message to Russia that the costs of war must be paid and that the assets will not be unfrozen or returned to normal circulation in the short term. According to publicly available data, the total amount of Russian assets frozen by the EU is approximately €210 billion, equivalent to about NT$1.7 trillion, which represents a significant financial scale and underscores the EU’s determination to enforce sanctions.

What is even more notable is that the EU has not simply decided to freeze these assets permanently but has explicitly reserved the “right to use” them. Von der Leyen explained that the EU plans to use these assets as collateral to provide military and civilian loans to Ukraine for the 2026–2027 period. The projected loan amount is estimated to range from €90 billion to €165 billion, indicating that the EU aims to establish a more institutionalized financial framework for long-term support rather than relying on sporadic, temporary aid. This also shows that the EU is attempting to transform the “freezing” of sanctioned assets into “sustainable financial support” for Ukraine, improving predictability and stability through institutional operations.

When discussing European defense and strategy, von der Leyen stated that Europe is currently in a critical phase of technological and military competition and therefore must significantly increase defense spending and R&D investment. She pointed out that Europe has already begun accelerating defense expenditure growth in response to increasingly severe security challenges. This is not only to address the current crisis but also to prepare for potential future strategic competition. She emphasized that Europe needs a sense of “urgency,” not only in security and defense but also in future-oriented key technologies such as semiconductors, artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, and space technology. She believes that only by strengthening competitiveness in these areas can Europe maintain autonomy and influence in the global political and economic landscape.

On diplomacy and geopolitical stance, von der Leyen also demonstrated a firm attitude. In her speech, she criticized the United States’ proposed tariff policy, calling it “wrong,” and stated that the EU would respond in a united and measured manner. This statement is significant not only because it opposes tariff policy but also because it reflects the EU’s growing diplomatic autonomy and bargaining power when facing economic pressure from the US. In addition, von der Leyen reiterated the EU’s commitment to security in the Arctic region and stated that the EU shares the same goals as the US on Arctic security and is willing to cooperate to maintain regional stability and shipping safety.

In response to these policy announcements, Russia also reacted. In January 2026, a Russian court began hearing a lawsuit against Euroclear (the institution holding the majority of Russian assets), demanding compensation for losses caused by the asset freeze. This lawsuit not only represents a legal countermeasure by Russia but also indicates that the sanctions and asset freezes will lead to long-term international legal and financial confrontations, potentially affecting EU–Russia financial and trade relations in the future.

Overall, the announcement in Davos marks an important turning point in the EU’s policy toward Russia. Moving from a short-term sanctions mechanism to a permanent freeze, and using the assets to support Ukraine, demonstrates that the EU is transitioning from “sanctions” to “institutionalized support and strategic self-protection.” At the same time, by strengthening defense investment, enhancing technological competitiveness, and adopting a tough diplomatic stance, the EU is sending a clear message to the world: Europe is no longer passively responding to crises but is actively shaping its own security and economic future.