馬里烏波爾（Mariupol）是烏克蘭東南部的一個城市，位於亞速海（Sea of Azov）沿岸，座落在庫曼－杜尼澤高地（Kum-Dybetskyi Highland）與亞速海之間。作為烏克蘭頓涅茨克州（Donetsk Oblast）的主要港口城市，馬里烏波爾在戰爭爆發之前是一個重要的工業中心，擁有眾多重要的工廠和企業，包括鋼鐵、冶金、化工和機械製造等行業。此外，它也是烏克蘭主要的海港之一，負責許多進出亞速海的貨物運輸。

這座城市的歷史可以追溯到18世紀，當時它是一個小型漁村。隨著19世紀工業化的到來，馬里烏波爾迅速發展成為一個重要的工業城市，尤其以鋼鐵生產聞名。在蘇聯時代，它是一個主要的重工業城市。根據2019年的統計數據，馬里烏波爾的人口約為約44萬人，但由於戰爭的爆發，數據已經不可考。近期，俄羅斯已大量向該城市輸入移民，改變當地的人口結構。除了工業活動外，馬里烏波爾也擁有豐富的文化活動和景點，包括博物館、劇院和藝術畫廊等。該市還擁有一個活躍的音樂和文學社區。

然而，這個城市長期以來一直受到烏克蘭政府與親俄派分離主義武裝勢力之間衝突的影響。這些衝突對馬里烏波爾的經濟、社會和人口狀況都產生了影響，並對當地居民的生活帶來了困難和不安。經過長期的戰鬥，著名的亞速營軍團已被迫退守，目前該城市處於俄羅斯的控制之下。

在2024年3月舉辦的第96屆奧斯卡中，《馬里烏波爾的20天》（20 Days in Mariupol）榮獲最佳紀錄片獎。這部影片由烏克蘭導演切爾諾夫（Mstyslav Chernov）製作，他是一名記者及攝影師，當時替美聯社製作該影片。在頒獎典禮上，切爾諾夫表示，雖然馬里烏波爾承受著嚴重的攻擊，但這部紀錄片真實呈現出烏克蘭在戰爭中的痛苦，並傳遞烏克蘭人民不屈服的抗爭精神。

雖然這是首部由烏克蘭導演獲得的奧斯卡電影獎項，但切爾諾夫感性的說希望從沒拍攝這樣的紀錄片。並呼籲俄羅斯停止入侵烏克蘭，不要佔領烏克蘭城市，希望可以用所有的榮耀來換回被俄羅斯殺害的數以萬計同胞的性命。最後，他表示電影形成記憶，記憶變成歷史，感謝烏克蘭，榮耀歸於烏克蘭。

Mariupol is a city located on the coast of the Sea of Azov in southeastern Ukraine, nestled between the Kum-Dybetskyi Highland and the Sea of Azov. As the main port city of Donetsk Oblast in Ukraine, Mariupol was a significant industrial center before the outbreak of war, boasting numerous important factories and enterprises including steel, metallurgy, chemical, and mechanical manufacturing industries. Additionally, it served as one of Ukraine's major seaports, handling a substantial amount of cargo transportation in and out of the Sea of Azov.

The city's history dates back to the 18th century when it was a small fishing village. With the advent of industrialization in the 19th century, Mariupol rapidly transformed into a major industrial city, particularly renowned for its steel production, during the Soviet era.

According to statistics from 2019, Mariupol had a population of approximately 440,000 people, though this data is now unreliable due to the outbreak of war. Recently, Russia has imported a significant number of immigrants to the city, altering its demographic composition.

In addition to its industrial activities, Mariupol boasts a rich cultural scene with museums, theaters, art galleries, and an active music and literary community.

However, the city has long been affected by conflicts between the Ukrainian government and pro-Russian separatist armed forces. These conflicts have had adverse effects on Mariupol's economy, society, and population, causing hardships and insecurity for local residents. After prolonged battles, the renowned Azov Battalion has been forced to retreat, and the city is currently under Russian control.

At the 96th Academy Awards held in March 2024, "20 Days in Mariupol" won the Best Documentary award. Directed by Ukrainian filmmaker Mstyslav Chernov, who is also a journalist and photographer working for the Associated Press, the film vividly portrays the suffering of Ukraine during the war and conveys the indomitable spirit of the Ukrainian people.

Although it was the first Oscar win for a Ukrainian director, Chernov expressed a poignant wish that he never need to make this documentary. He called for Russia to cease its invasion of Ukraine and occupation of Ukrainian cities, hoping to exchange all the glory for the lives of countless compatriots killed by Russia. In conclusion, he emphasized the power of film to preserve memory and history, expressing gratitude to Ukraine and attributing honor to the nation.

照片:DALLE3