之前有位俄羅斯女性在台灣的電視上說烏克蘭是鄉下，這種言論很容易引發爭議和不滿。實際上，對於一個國家的現代化程度和城市發展情況的評價，通常是相對的，也往往依賴於個人的觀點和標準。以下是對烏克蘭和俄羅斯現代化程度及城市發展情況的一些分析。

烏克蘭

基輔（Kyiv）：基輔是烏克蘭的首都和最大的城市，也是政治、經濟和文化中心。這座城市擁有現代化的基礎設施、繁榮的經濟和豐富的文化生活。基輔的城市發展和建築風格反映其歷史遺產和現代化的融合。許多政治人物及富豪均居住在這，Dnipro河將整個城市一分而二，左邊是富豪區，右邊是中下階層居多。在獨立廣場或是金門等繁華地區，房價相當昂貴。

其他主要城市：

利沃夫（Lviv）：利沃夫位於烏克蘭西部，是一個歷史悠久的文化城市，以其美麗的建築和濃厚的歐洲風情著稱。利沃夫的市中心被列為聯合國教科文組織世界遺產。因為靠近波蘭及歷史因素，大部分居民信奉天主教，並排斥俄文及俄羅斯文化。目前並沒有嚴重受到戰爭的摧殘，大部分建物都超過百年以上的歷史，當地並沒有太多心的建物。

哈爾科夫（Kharkiv）：哈爾科夫是烏克蘭的第二大城市，擁有發達的工業基礎和多所著名大學，是教育和科技中心。目前已經嚴重被俄羅斯軍隊破壞，超過三分之二的土地都被轟炸過，雖然跟基輔一樣也有地鐵，但很多列車已經停駛，變成民眾避難的居住地。曾經是烏克蘭首都的哈爾科夫，大部分民眾都說俄文，目前該城市已經不適合前往。

敖德薩（Odessa）：敖德薩是黑海沿岸的重要港口城市，以其獨特的建築風格和多元文化著稱。大部分建物相當老舊，有許多中國人在此居住，中國大使館也設立於此。物價比基輔至少低兩成以上，當地人對外國人相當熱情，因為長期以來都是靠觀光收入維生。因為戰爭的緣故，俄羅斯旅客完全消失，該城市只有6月~8月比較繁華，平常沒有特別娛樂。市中心有許多脫衣舞酒吧，在這完全合法，還可以場外交易，每次費用約200美金。這個城市早期以造船聞名世界，但後來訂單跟技術逐漸消失，目前這個城市相當荒涼，只有暑假會有烏克蘭人或船員來這消費。

鄉村和小城鎮：

烏克蘭的鄉村地區和一些小城鎮的確比較落後，基礎設施建設較為老舊，需要進一步的現代化改造。這些地區的經濟發展較慢，生活水平相對較低。

俄羅斯

莫斯科（Moscow）：莫斯科是俄羅斯的首都和最大的城市，代表著俄羅斯的政治、經濟和文化中心。莫斯科擁有先進的基礎設施、繁榮的經濟和豐富的文化生活，是一個高度現代化的城市。根據去過的表示當地人相當高傲，覺得自己是歐洲最強大的國家。跟基輔一樣，有許多高官及企業家居住於此，各種高樓大廈林立。

聖彼得堡（Saint Petersburg）：聖彼得堡是俄羅斯的第二大城市，以其歷史和文化遺產聞名。這座城市擁有許多壯觀的建築和博物館，是俄羅斯的重要文化中心，也是普丁的出生地，在他成為領導後也砸不少預算建設。整體感覺並不落後，許多建物也相當老舊，管線都沒有更新。感覺像是烏克蘭的利沃夫。

其他地區：除了莫斯科和聖彼得堡，俄羅斯其他地區的現代化程度參差不齊。許多地區，特別是遠東和西伯利亞地區，相對貧困，基礎設施較為落後，經濟發展較慢。俄羅斯雖然是世界最大的國家，但是大部分的土地都不適合人居住，天氣寒冷外，土地也相當乾燥，沒有烏克蘭黑土的肥沃。大部分中國人娶的俄羅斯女人均來自遠東地區，她們希望遠離此地來改變人生。

總結

烏克蘭和俄羅斯的城市發展和現代化程度存在很大差異。基輔作為烏克蘭的首都，擁有現代化的基礎設施和繁榮的經濟。其他一些大城市如利沃夫、哈爾科夫和敖德薩也具備一定的現代化水平。然而，烏克蘭的鄉村和小城鎮的發展相對落後，需要進一步的基礎設施建設和經濟發展。

相比之下，俄羅斯的莫斯科和聖彼得堡是高度現代化的城市，代表俄羅斯的經濟和文化實力。然而，俄羅斯其他地區特別是遠東和西伯利亞地區，相對貧困，現代化程度較低。

因此，簡單地將一個國家稱為「鄉下」或「先進」是不準確的，因為每個國家都有其發達的城市和相對落後的地區。理解這些差異和複雜性，有助於更全面和公正地評價一個國家的發展狀況。

Are Ukrainian Cities Truly Rural? A Comparative Analysis with Russian Cities

A Russian woman once said on Taiwanese television that Ukraine is rural compared to Russia. Such a statement can easily provoke controversy and dissatisfaction. In reality, the evaluation of a country’s modernization and urban development is often relative and depends on individual perspectives and standards. Here is an analysis of the modernization and urban development of Ukraine and Russia.

Ukraine

Kyiv: It is the capital and largest city of Ukraine, serving as its political, economic, and cultural center. The city boasts modern infrastructure, a thriving economy, and a rich cultural life. The urban development and architectural style of Kyiv reflect a blend of historical heritage and modernization. Many politicians and wealthy individuals reside here, with the Dnipro River dividing the city: the left bank is home to affluent neighborhoods, while the right bank is predominantly middle to lower class. In bustling areas like Independence Square or the Golden Gate, property prices are very high.

Other Major Cities:

Lviv: Located in western Ukraine, Lviv is a historic cultural city known for its beautiful architecture and strong European influence. Its city center is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Due to its proximity to Poland and historical factors, most residents are Catholic and reject Russian language and culture. Lviv has not been significantly damaged by the war, with most buildings over a century old and few new constructions.

Kharkiv: Ukraine’s second-largest city, Kharkiv has a developed industrial base and several renowned universities, making it an educational and technological hub. Currently, it has been severely damaged by Russian military attacks, with over two-thirds of its land bombed. Though it has a metro system like Kyiv, many trains have stopped running and are used as shelters. Once the capital of Ukraine, most Kharkiv residents speak Russian, and the city is now unsuitable for visits.

Odessa: An important port city on the Black Sea, Odessa is known for its unique architectural style and diverse culture. Most buildings are quite old, and many Chinese people reside here, with the Chinese Embassy also located in the city. Prices are at least 20% lower than in Kyiv, and locals are very hospitable to foreigners, relying heavily on tourism for their livelihood. Due to the war, Russian tourists have disappeared, and the city is only bustling from June to August. Many strip clubs operate legally here, with services available for about $200 each time. Once famous for shipbuilding, Odessa's industry has declined, and the city is now relatively desolate, except during the summer when Ukrainians and sailors visit.

Rural Areas and Small Towns:

Ukraine's rural areas and some small towns are indeed more backward, with older infrastructure requiring modernization. Economic development in these regions is slower, and living standards are relatively low.

Russia

Moscow: The capital and largest city of Russia, represents the country's political, economic, and cultural center. The city features advanced infrastructure, a thriving economy, and rich cultural life, making it a highly modernized city. Visitors often find locals to be quite proud, believing their country to be the strongest in Europe. Like Kyiv, many high-ranking officials and entrepreneurs live here, with numerous skyscrapers.

Saint Petersburg: The second-largest city in Russia, Saint Petersburg is renowned for its historical and cultural heritage. It has many spectacular buildings and museums, serving as an important cultural center. Being Putin's birthplace, significant investments have been made in the city since he became the leader. Despite its historical buildings and outdated pipelines, the city does not feel backward and is somewhat comparable to Lviv in Ukraine.

Other Regions:

Outside of Moscow and Saint Petersburg, the modernization level in other parts of Russia varies widely. Many regions, particularly in the Far East and Siberia, are relatively impoverished with underdeveloped infrastructure and slow economic growth. Although Russia is the largest country in the world, most of its land is inhospitable, with harsh weather and dry soils that lack the fertility of Ukraine’s black soil. Most Russian women married by Chinese men come from the Far East, seeking to escape and change their lives.

Conclusion

Urban development and modernization levels in Ukraine and Russia differ significantly. Kyiv, as Ukraine's capital, boasts modern infrastructure and a thriving economy. Other major cities like Lviv, Kharkiv, and Odessa also have a certain level of modernization. However, Ukraine's rural areas and small towns lag behind and require further infrastructure development and economic growth.

In contrast, Moscow and Saint Petersburg in Russia are highly modernized cities, representing the country’s economic and cultural power. Nevertheless, other regions, especially in the Far East and Siberia, are relatively poor and less modernized.

Thus, labeling a country as “rural” or “advanced” is inaccurate, as every country has its developed cities and relatively backward areas. Understanding these differences and complexities helps to evaluate a country’s development status more comprehensively and fairly.

照片:DALLE3