糞便的處理通常包括哪些步驟?

2023-12-19

糞便的處理通常包括以下步驟:

根據官方數據,全世界約有80億人口。如果每人每天產出500克的排泄物,這樣每天的總排放量高達379萬噸。這些糞便都去了哪?

不管在家庭和商業環境中,最常見的方式是將糞便通過馬桶排放至下水道系統。這些污水會進入污水處理廠,接受進一步的處理。

當污水流入污水處理廠,這裡會進行生物處理、物理處理和化學處理,以去除固體、液體和有害物質。可利用的水就變成中水。生物處理涉及微生物的使用,它們可以分解有機物質。

在污水處理廠,會使用不同的過濾和分離步驟,以分離水中的固體和液體成分。固體部分通常被處理為污泥,透過抽糞車送到污泥場。

污泥是由固體分離步驟產生的,它可能包含有機物、細菌和其他成分。這些污泥可能會進一步處理,例如透過消化過程或被用作肥料或填埋。高質料的殘渣有糞臭素,在稀釋數倍後可散發出茉莉花香,用於調配香水。極度稀釋後會有一股水果味,可用於食品香精,添加到冰淇淋、其他飲料或是口香糖等食物中。

有些地方會選擇焚燒污泥,以減少體積並產生能源。焚燒的過程還可以減少有機物質和有害物質的含量。

The typical process for the treatment of feces includes the following steps:

According to official data, there are approximately 8 billion people worldwide. If each person produces 500 grams of excrement per day, the total daily emissions would be as high as 3.79 million tons. Where does all this feces go?

Regardless of whether in a household or commercial environment, the most common method is to flush feces through toilets into the sewage system. These sewage waters enter wastewater treatment plants for further processing.

When sewage flows into wastewater treatment plants, biological treatment, physical treatment, and chemical treatment are carried out to remove solids, liquids, and harmful substances. The treated water becomes reusable water. Biological treatment involves the use of microorganisms that can break down organic matter.

At wastewater treatment plants, various filtration and separation steps are used to separate solid and liquid components in the water. The solid portion is usually treated as sludge and transported to a sludge field by a septic tank truck.

Sludge is generated by the solid separation process, and it may contain organic matter, bacteria, and other components. This sludge may undergo further treatment, such as through digestion processes or be used as fertilizer or for landfill. Residues with a high-quality content of fecal odor can emit a jasmine fragrance when diluted several times, used in the formulation of perfumes. When extremely diluted, it may have a fruity aroma and can be used in food flavors, added to ice cream, other beverages, or chewing gum, among other food items.

In some places, the option is chosen to incinerate the sludge to reduce volume and generate energy. The incineration process can also reduce the content of organic matter and harmful substances.