列寧格勒圍城戰，亦稱列寧格勒保衛戰(Leningrader Blockade)，是第二次世界大戰期間德國與蘇聯之間的重要戰役之一。這場戰役從1941年9月8日開始，持續到1944年1月27日，歷時872天。戰役發生在蘇聯列寧格勒（今聖彼得堡），對二戰的進程有著深遠的影響。

這場圍城戰的起源可追溯到納粹德國發動的巴巴羅薩行動。1941年6月22日，德國違反德蘇互不侵犯條約，入侵蘇聯。希特勒的計劃是通過迅速攻佔蘇聯的重要城市，來瓦解蘇聯的抵抗意志。列寧格勒，作為蘇聯的重要工業城市和革命象徵，成為德軍的重要目標之一。德軍希望包圍並最終佔領列寧格勒，削弱蘇聯的戰爭意志。

最終雙方都付出慘重的代價。蘇聯方面，估計有超過100萬平民和軍人在圍城戰中喪生。平民死亡的主要原因是飢餓、寒冷和轟炸。德國方面的傷亡數據較為模糊，但估計有數十萬名德軍和芬蘭士兵在戰鬥中喪生或受傷。

列寧格勒圍城戰對二戰的結果有著深遠的影響。首先，這場戰役牽制德軍大量的兵力和資源，減少德軍在其他戰場上的作戰能力，特別是對莫斯科和史達林格勒的攻勢。其次，列寧格勒的頑強抵抗成為蘇聯宣傳的重要素材，激勵全國人民的抗戰意志，證明蘇聯軍隊和人民在極端困境下仍然能夠保持抵抗的決心和力量。此外，圍城戰期間，蘇聯得到盟軍的援助，包括通過波羅的海和北極航線運送的軍事物資，這些行動延續蘇聯的持續反抗。最後，圍城戰的成功解圍和蘇聯軍隊的反攻，標誌著蘇聯在東部戰線上進入反攻階段，為後續的蘇聯勝利奠定基礎，最終導致德國在東部戰線的全面崩潰。

總列寧格勒圍城戰是第二次世界大戰中關鍵的戰役之一，其慘烈程度被列為世界歷史最殘忍的戰役，對結束戰爭跟扭轉俄羅斯的命運產生重大影響。

The Siege of Leningrad, also known as the Leningrad Blockade, was one of the significant battles between Germany and the Soviet Union during World War II. This battle began on September 8, 1941, and lasted until January 27, 1944, enduring for 872 days. The battle took place in Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg), Soviet Union, and had a profound impact on the course of World War II.

The origins of this siege trace back to Operation Barbarossa launched by Nazi Germany. On June 22, 1941, Germany violated the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and invaded the Soviet Union. Hitler's plan was to quickly capture key Soviet cities to break the Soviet resistance. Leningrad, as a major industrial city and symbol of the Soviet revolution, became one of the primary targets for the German army. The German forces aimed to encircle and ultimately capture Leningrad to weaken the Soviet war effort.

Both sides paid a heavy price in this siege. On the Soviet side, it is estimated that over 1 million civilians and soldiers died during the siege. The primary causes of civilian deaths were starvation, cold, and bombings. On the German side, the casualty figures are less precise, but it is estimated that hundreds of thousands of German and Finnish soldiers were killed or wounded in the fighting.

The Siege of Leningrad had significant implications for the outcome of World War II. Firstly, the siege tied down a large number of German troops and resources, reducing their operational capacity on other fronts, especially in the offensives against Moscow and Stalingrad. Secondly, the resolute defense of Leningrad became a crucial piece of Soviet propaganda, inspiring the Soviet people’s will to resist. It demonstrated that the Soviet army and people could maintain their determination and strength under extreme adversity. Additionally, during the siege, the Soviet Union received aid from the Allies, including military supplies transported via the Baltic and Arctic routes, which sustained the Soviet resistance. Lastly, the successful lifting of the siege and the subsequent Soviet counter-offensives marked the beginning of a Soviet resurgence on the Eastern Front, laying the groundwork for future Soviet victories and eventually leading to the collapse of German forces on the Eastern Front.

In conclusion, the Siege of Leningrad was one of the pivotal battles of World War II. Its severity is ranked among the most brutal battles in world history and had a significant impact on the outcome of the war, greatly influencing the eventual defeat of Germany and altering the fate of Russia.

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